
The UAB Department of Surgery is honored to recognize the outstanding research contributions from its faculty, trainees, and staff. This continued momentum in scholarly activity underscores the department’s commitment to advancing surgical science and shaping the future of academic medicine. Over the past quarter, members of the department have authored and co-authored numerous publications across high-impact journals spanning a wide range of topics including endocrine surgery, trauma care, surgical education, transplantation, and health outcomes research.
These efforts reflect not only individual academic excellence but also the spirit of collaboration that defines the department. Several of these works are the result of cross-disciplinary and multi-institutional efforts, reinforcing the department’s role in addressing complex challenges in surgery through innovation and teamwork.
“Our department is committed to driving change and pushing research forward across the field of surgery,” said Aurelio Galli, Ph.D., D.Sc., vice chair of basic research in the UAB Department of Surgery. “It is because of the hard work and collaboration of our researchers that we are able to continue to meet this mission.”
See below for recently published work from the UAB Department of Surgery.
1. The impact of social determinants of health on severe colorectal complications
Published in Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery by Wendelyn M. Oslock, M.D., Leanne D. Jeong, Mei Lin N. Dye, Meet Patel, and Daniel I. Chu, M.D., MSPH. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2025 Apr 24;39(1):102-111. doi: 10.1055/s-0045-1807758. PMID: 41425099; PMCID: PMC12716933.
2. Accidental ammo: Lawn mower catapulted ballistic leading to left ventricular impalement
Published in Annals of Thoracic Surgery Short Reports by Marvi Tariq, M.D., Eva Ingram, M.D., Kendra Douglas, D.O., and Sasha A. Still, M.D. Ann Thorac Surg Short Rep. 2025 Jul 10;3(4):1013-1015. doi: 10.1016/j.atssr.2025.06.010. PMID: 41425385; PMCID: PMC12712150.
Published in JTCVS Open by Michael “Frank” Gleason, M.D., MSPH, Benjamin Wei, M.D., and James Donahue, M.D. JTCVS Open. 2025 Oct 13;28:690-703. doi: 10.1016/j.xjon.2025.09.044. PMID: 41473060; PMCID: PMC12745089.
Published in Annals of Surgical Oncology by Kimberly E. Kopecky, M.D., Olivia Monton, M.D., MSc, S. Koti, C. Arbaugh, Julia Purchla, M.D., M. Bodd, L. Rosman, Fabian M. Johnston, M.D., MHS, and James Odom, Ph.D., MSM, MA, RN. Ann Surg Oncol. 2026 Feb;33(2):1417-1432. doi: 10.1245/s10434-025-18439-7. Epub 2025 Oct 14. PMID: 41087782; PMCID: PMC12765745.
Published in Seminars in Vascular Surgery by Roberto G. Aru, M.D., Adam W. Beck, M.D., and Stéphan Haulon, M.D., Ph.D. Semin Vasc Surg. 2025 Dec;38(4):355-359. doi: 10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2025.10.002. Epub 2025 Oct 21. PMID: 41386908.
6. Quantifying the drivers of survival: A matched cohort study of trauma center-level differences
Published in Journal of Surgical Research by Pawan Acharya, Ph.D., MSPH, Tabitha Garwe, Ph.D., Sara K. Vesely, Ph.D., Janitz Amanda, Ph.D., MPH, Jennifer D. Peck, Ph.D., Jason S. Lees, M.D., Barish H. Edil, M.D., MPH, Zain G. Hashmi, M.D., and Alisa M. Cross, M.D. J Surg Res. 2025 Nov;315:688-698. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2025.09.071. Epub 2025 Oct 22. PMID: 41130104; PMCID: PMC12616612.
Published in Journal of Surgical Research by Amy L. Holmstrom, M.D., Rebecca Williams-Karnesky, M.D., Ph.D., Erin White, M.D., MBS, MHS, George Sarosi, M.D., Karen Brasel, M.D., MPH, and Brenessa Lindeman, M.D., MEHP. J Surg Res. 2025 Nov;315:722-730. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2025.08.018. Epub 2025 Oct 23. PMID:
41135322.
Published in Journal of Pediatric Surgery by Alyssa Green, M.D., Gabriel Ramos-Gonzalez, M.D., Maua M. Alleyne, MPH, JoAnn DeRosa, BSN, RN, Clint Cappiello, M.D., Caitlin Crosier, M.D., Farokh R. Demehri, M.D., Samantha M. Koenig, M.D., MPH, Shaun M. Kunisaki, M.D., MSc, Sean E. McLean, M.D., Jonathan A. Meisel, M.D., Robert T. Russell, M.D., MPH, Stefan Scholz, M.D., Ph.D., Janice A. Taylor, M.D., M.Ed., Christopher W. Snyder, M.D., MSPH, and Nicole M. Chandler, M.D. J Pediatr Surg. 2026 Jan;61(1):162768. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2025.162768. Epub 2025 Oct 27. PMID: 41161378.
Published in Contemporary Clinical Trials by Elizabeth A. Jackson, M.D., Gustavo Aldama, M.D., Emily Spangler, M.D., Joshua S. Richman, M.D., Ph.D., Kamal Henderson, M.D., Gareth Dutton, Ph.D., Donald Dempsey, M.D., Alfredo Guzman, M.D., and Jonathan Myers Contemp Clin Trials. 2026 Jan;160:108139. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2025.108139. Epub 2025 Nov 7. PMID: 41205861.
Published in Journal of Surgical Case Reports by James Lee West, M.D., Charles W. Hoopes, M.D., MPH, Jeremey Walker, M.D., Anoma Nellore, M.D., and Erik J. Orozco-Hernandez, M.D. J Surg Case Rep. 2025 Nov 14;2025(11): rjaf892. doi: 10.1093/jscr/rjaf892. PMID: 41245817; PMCID: PMC12618026.
11. Diagnostic value of molecular testing for evaluating thyroid nodules greater than 4 centimeters
Published in The American Journal of Surgery by Niranjna Swaminathan, M.D., Zhixing Song, M.D., Christopher Wu, M.D., Ramsha Akhund, M.B.B.S., Jessica Fazendin, M.D., Brenessa Lindeman, M.D., MEHP, Herbert Chen, M.D., and Andrea Gillis, M.D., MSPH. Am J Surg. 2026 Feb;252:116755. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2025.116755. Epub 2025 Nov 27. PMID: 41352294.
12. Beyond the scalpel: Barriers to advancement for Asian women in academic surgery
Published in American Journal of Surgery by Nritya Nair N., M.D., Jaspinder Sanghera, M.D., Ioannis Liapis M.D., Marcus Sirianno M.D., Manish Tripathi, MBA, Michelle Holland, M.D., Smita Bhatia M.D., MPH, Krista Mehari, Ph.D., and Anabella Fonseca, M.D., MSPH. Am J Surg. 2026 May;255:116769. doi: 10.1016 j.amjsurg.2025.116769. Epub 2025 Dec 5. PMID: 41387127.
13. Intraoperative hemodynamics of hyperthyroidism: Controlled versus uncontrolled Graves disease
Published in Journal of Surgical Research by Niranjna Swaminathan, M.D., Daniel Gomez Carrillo, M.D., James Stallworth, M.D., Andrea Gillis, M.D., MSPH, Jessica Fazendin, M.D., Brenessa Lindeman, M.D., MEHP, Herbert Chen, M.D., and Polina Zmijewski, M.D., MA. J Surg Res. 2025 Dec;316:222-228. doi: 10.1016 j.jss.2025.11.012. Epub 2025 Dec 1. PMID: 41330161.
Published in Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open by Shannon W. Stephens, EMTP, Russell L. Griffin, Ph.D., Christy Carroll-Ledbetter, Sarah Duckert, MBA, Margaret Nelson, Joel Rodgers, Adam McClintock, MBA, Sara F. Goldkind, M.D., MA, Luke Gelinas, Ph.D., Amanda E. Higley, Ph.D., Stacia DeSantis, Ph.D., Claudia Pedroza, Ph.D., Luis Leon-Novelo, Ph.D., MA, James Stubbs, M.D., Marisa B. Marques, M.D., Henry Wang, M.D., MPH, John B. Holcomb, M.D., and Jan O. Jansen, M.D., Ph.D. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open. 2025 Dec 14;10(4):e001758. doi: 10.1136/tsaco-2025-001758. PMID: 41409214; PMCID: PMC12706250.
15. Novel microRNA biomarkers revealed in the serum and bile of thioacetamide induced cholangiocarcinoma
Published in Chemico-Biological Interactions by Weisheng Chen, Ph.D., Brendon R. Herring, Ph.D., Jasmine Watts, Caroline MacVicar, David Crossman, Ph.D., Nilesh Kumar, Ph.D., M. Shahid Mukhtar, Ph.D., Flavio Rocha, M.D., Kris V. Kowdley, M.D., and J. Bart Rose, M.D., MAS. Chem Biol Interact. 2026 Feb 11;425:111873. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2025.111873. Epub 2025 Dec 16. PMID: 41412438; PMCID: PMC12835969.
16. Hyperfibrinolysis in trauma-induced coagulopathy: Exploring the role of inflammatory cytokines
Published in Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis by Kyosuke Takahashi, M.D., Kazuma Yamakawa, M.D., Ph.D., Anaar E. Siletz, M.D., Ph.D., Morihiro Katsura, M.D., MPH, John B. Holcomb, M.D., Bryan A. Cotton, M.D., MPH, Charles E. Wade, Ph.D., Jessica C. Cardenas, M.D., Ph.D., Matthew Martin, M.D., Kenji Inaba, M.D., and Kazuhide Matsushima, M.D. J Thromb Haemost. 2025 Dec 23:S1538-7836(25)00908-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jtha.2025.11.026. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 41448542.
Published in JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics by Nicole Rademacher, M.D., Connor Sisk, BS, Joshua S. Richman, M.D., Ph.D., Kristy Broman, M.D., MPH, and Changzhen Wang, Ph.D. JCO Clin Cancer Inform. 2025 Dec;9:e2500163. doi: 10.1200/CCI-25-00163. Epub 2025 Dec 23. PMID: 41435205.
Published in The American Surgeon by Niranjna Swaminathan, M.D., Peter J. Abraham, M.D., Raj Roy, M.D., Andrea Gillis, M.D., MSPH, Sophie Dream, M.D., Brenessa Lindeman, M.D., MEHP, and Herbert Chen, M.D. Am Surg. 2025 Dec 24:31348251412269. doi: 10.1177/00031348251412269. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 41441850.
19. Racial disparities in chemotherapy response in pancreatic cancer: A landmark survival analysis
Published in Journal of Surgical Research by K. Kerrick Akinola, M.D., Varun Pathak, M.D., Christopher Wu, M.D., M. Chandler McLeod, M.S., Ph.D., Herbert Chen, M.D., Smita Bhatia, M.D., MPH., J. Bart Rose, M.D., MAS, and Andrea Gillis, M.D., MSPH. J Surg Res. 2026 Jan; 317:500-507. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2025.11.051. Epub 2025 Dec 24. PMID: 41448110; PMCID: PMC12895424.
20. Facilitators to oncological care in foregut cancer: The patient perspective
Published in Surgical Oncology Insight by Jaspinder S. Sanghera, M.D., Michelle M. Holland, M.D., Ioannis Liapis, M.D., Rida Ahmad, M.D., Katie West, M.D., Manish Tripathi, MBA, Larry Hearld, Ph.D., Daniel I. Chu, M.D., MSPH, Krista Mehari, Ph.D., Martin J. Heslin, M.D., MSHA, Smita Bhatia, M.D., MPH, and Annabelle L. Fonseca, M.D., MHS. Surg Oncol Insight. 2025 Dec;2(4):100192. doi: 10.1016/j.soi.2025.100192. Epub 2025 Sep 22. PMID: 41416003; PMCID: PMC12710860.
Published in Liver Transplantation by Maggie E. Jones-Carr, M.D., Hiren Dayala, M.B.B.S, MPH, M. Chandler McLeod, M.S., Ph.D., Paul MacLennan, Ph.D., Saulat Sheikh, M.D., M. Umaid Rabbani, M.D., Marcos E. Pozo, M.D., Sergio A. Acuna, M.D., Ph.D., Juliet Emamaullee, M.D., Ph.D., David Goldberg, M.D., and Robert M. Cannon, M.D. Liver Transpl. 2026 Jan 1;32(1):46-54. doi: 10.1097/LVT.0000000000000687. Epub 2025 Jul 15. PMID: 40658771; PMCID: PMC12327723.
Published in Journal of Vascular Surgery by Matthew J. Eagleton, M.D., Mark C. Stoner, M.D., John Henretta, M.D., Maciej Dryjski, M.D., Ph.D., Joseph M. Panneton, M.D., Athanasios Tassiopoulos, M.D., Manish Mehta, M.D., MPH, Benjamin Pearce, M.D., and M. Jamil Sharafuddin, M.D. J Vasc Surg. 2026 Jan;83(1):50-56. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2025.08.032. Epub 2025 Aug 29. PMID: 40886742.
23. Explantation of transcatheter aortic bioprostheses in a very high risk population
Published in Annals of Thoracic Surgery by Sasha A. Still, M.D., Rongbing Xie, M.D., Panos N. Vardas, M.D., Kyle W. Eudailey, M.D., Clifton T. Lewis, M.D., and James E. Davies, M.D. Ann Thorac Surg. 2026 Jan;121(1):120-126. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2025.04.025. Epub 2025 May 9. PMID: 40349944.
24. Surgical critical care entrustable professional activities: A new era in assessment
Published in Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery by Deborah M. Stein, M.D., MPH, Amy N. Hildreth, M.D., Krista L. Kaups, M.D., John V. Agapian, M.D., MSc,C. Yvonne Chung, M.D., MPH, Rondi B. Gelbard, M.D., Sriharsha Gummadi, M.D., Randeep Jawa, M.D., Hee Soo Jung, M.D., Anamaria Robles, M.D., Stephanie E. Scott, M.D., Sawyer G. Smith, M.D., MBA, and Karen J. Brasel, M.D., MPH. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2026 Jan 8. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000004867. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 41498759.
25. State-level variability in discharge to inpatient rehabilitation after severe traumatic injuries
Published in Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery by Alexander J. Ordoobadi, M.D., Kimberly K. Greenberg, Gracyn Campbell, Saba Ilkhani, M.D., MPH, MBA, Jeffrey C. Schneider, M.D., Joel S. Weissman, Ph.D., Zain G. Hashmi, M.D., Craig Newgard, M.D., MPH., Ali Salim, M.D., and Molly P. Jarman, Ph.D., MPH. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2026 Jan 13:10.1097/TA.0000000000004901. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000004901. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 41533011; PMCID:PMC12922160.
26. Cost analysis of thyroidectomy
Published in The American Surgeon by Carla Aleman, M. Chandler McLeod, M.S., Ph.D., Andrea Gillis, M.D., MSPH, Brenessa Lindeman, M.D., MEHP, Jessica Fazendin, M.D., Herbert Chen, M.D., and Polina Zmijewski, M.D., M.A. Am Surg. 2026 Jan 24:31348261419763. doi: 10.1177/00031348261419763. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 41579333.
27. Does case complexity impact EPA entrustment? Analysis across PGY levels and phases of care
Published in Journal of Surgical Education by Martin Paul Jones, Julia Adriana Kasmirski, M.D., Zhixing Song, M.D., M. Chandler McLeod, M.S., Ph.D., Andrea Gillis, M.D., MSPH, Jessica Fazendin, M.D., Britney Corey, M.D., and Brenessa Lindeman, M.D., MEHP. J Surg Educ. 2026 Mar;83(3):103857. doi: 10.1016 j.jsurg.2025.103857. Epub 2026 Jan 21. PMID: 41570700.
28. Novel microRNA biomarkers revealed in the serum and bile of thioacetamide induced cholangiocarcinoma
Published in Chemico-Biological Interactions by Weisheng Chen, Ph.D., Brendon R. Herring, Ph.D., Jasmine Watts, Caroline MacVicar, David Crossman, Ph.D., Nilesh Kumar, Ph.D., M. Shahid Mukhtar, Ph.D., Flavio Rocha, M.D., Kris V. Kowdley, M.D., and J. Bart Rose, M.D., MAS. Chem Biol Interact. 2026 Feb 11;425:111873. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2025.111873. Epub 2025 Dec 16. PMID: 41412438; PMCID: PMC12835969.
Published in Annals of Surgical Oncology by Kimberly E. Kopecky, M.D., Olivia Monton, M.D., Sc.M., S. Koti, C. Arbaugh, Julia Purchla, M.D., M. Bodd, L. Rosman, Fabian M. Johnston, M.D., MHS, and James Odom, Ph.D., MSM, MA, RN. Ann Surg Oncol. 2026 Feb;33(2):1417-1432. doi: 10.1245/s10434-025-18439-7. Epub 2025 Oct 14. PMID: 41087782; PMCID: PMC12765745.
Published in Gynecologic Oncology by Haller J. Smith, M.D., Kaitlyn Dinkins, M.D., Margaret I. Liang, M.D., Daniel I. Chu, M.D., MSPH, and Warner K. Huh, M.D. Gynecol Oncol. 2026 Feb; 205:27-31. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2025.12.006. Epub 2026 Jan 10. PMID: 41520565.
31. Textbook outcomes for lower extremity bypass: a useful quality metric for care optimization
Published in Journal of Vascular Surgery by Angela D. Sickels, M.D., Amanda C. Filiberto, M.D., Zdenek Novak, M.D., Ph.D., MSHI, Jarrad Rowse, M.D., Kimberly Kopecky, M.D., MSCI, Douglas W. Jones, M.D., Salvatore T. Scali, M.D., Jesse A. Columbo, M.D., David H. Stone, M.D., and Adam W. Beck, M.D. J Vasc Surg. 2026 Feb;83(2):505-518.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2025.09.045. Epub 2025 Oct 2. PMID: 41046048; PMCID: PMC12746074.
Published in Annals of Surgery by Kimberly M. Ramonell, M.D., Rachel Liou, M.D., Xinyan Zheng, M.S., Zhixing Song, M.D., James A. Lee, M.D., Art Sedrakyan, M.D., Ph.D., and Herbert Chen, M.D. Ann Surg. 2026 Feb 1;283(2):345-352. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000006508. Epub 2024 Aug 23. PMID: 39176567.
33. Population access to US trauma centers and teletrauma-using emergency departments
Published in JAMA Network Open by Zain G. Hashmi, M.D., Russell L. Griffin, Ph.D., Janice A. Espinola, MPH, Ashley F. Sullivan, M.S., MPH, Krislyn M. Boggs, MPH, Maeve Swanton, MPH, Molly P. Jarman, M.D., MPH, Jan O. Jansen, M.B.B.S., Ph.D., Jeffrey D. Kerby, M.D., Ph.D., and Carlos A. Camargo Jr., M.D., Dr.PH. JAMA Netw Open. 2026 Feb 2;9(2):e2556958. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.56958. PMID: 41697704; PMCID: PMC12910394.
34. Closing the digital divide: Improving telemedicine satisfaction using previsit communication
Published in Telemedicine and e-Health by Connie C. Shao, M.D., M. Chandler McLeod, M.S., Ph.D., Leah E. Lawler, MSHQS, LSSBB, Eric L. Wallace, M.D., Daniel I. Chu, M.D., MSPH, and Sushanth Reddy, M.D. Telemed J E Health. 2026 Apr;32(4):401-408. doi: 10.1177/15305627251413001. Epub 2026 Feb 3. PMID: 41631376.
35. Normothermic machine perfusion applications in kidney transplantation
Published in Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation by Matthew L. Holzner, M.D., Chris Jaynes, and Jacqueline Garonzik-Wang, M.D., Ph.D. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2026 Apr 1;31(2):86-92. doi: 10.1097/MOT.0000000000001275. Epub 2026 Feb 9. PMID: 41664851.
36. Optimizing thyroid cytopathology reports focused on a patient-centered approach: Mixed methods study
Published in Journal of Surgical Research by Niranjna Swaminathan, M.D., Prudence Wachira, Alexandra Savage, Christopher Wu, M.D., K. Kerrick Akinola, M.D., Daniel Gomez Carrillo, M.D., Christian Wells, Raj Roy, M.D., M. Chandler McLeod, M.S., Ph.D., Brenessa Lindeman, M.D., MEHP, Jessica Fazendin, M.D., Herbert Chen, M.D., and Andrea Gillis, M.D., MSPH. J Surg Res. 2026 Mar;319:178-184. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2026.01.022. Epub 2026 Feb 12. PMID: 41687143.
Published in JAMA Internal Medicine by Kirkpatrick B. Fergus, M.D., Katherine S. Ross, M.S., Maren T. Scheuner, M.D., MPH, Amie M. Blanco, M.S., Jeffrey A. Tice, M.D., Elad Ziv, M.D., Yiwey Shieh, M.D., Laura Van T. Veer, Ph.D., Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, M.D., Deborah L. Goodman, M.D., Barry S. Tong, M.S., MPH, Heather Harvey, Diana DeRosa, M.D., Larissa Risty, Erica Silver, M.S., Andrea Kaster, M.D., Allison Stover Fiscalini, MPH, Kelly Blum, M.S., Rachel Heise, D.O., Leah Sabacan, Ph.D., Diane Heditsian, Susie Brain, Antonia Petruse, M.S., Martin Eklund, Ph.D., Robert A. Hiatt, M.D., Ph.D., Alexander D. Borowsky, M.D., Arash Naeim, M.D., Ph.D., Hannah L. Park, M.D., Andrea Z. LaCroix, Ph.D., Barbara A. Parker, M.D., Rachael Lancaster, M.D., James Esserman, M.D., Neil Wenger, M.D., MPH, Vignesh Arasu, M.D., Ph.D., Hoda Anton-Culver, Ph.D., Laura J. Esserman, M.D., MBA, and Lisa Madlensky, Ph.D., CGC. JAMA Intern Med. 2026 Mar 1;186(3):344-352. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.7323. PMID: 41385723; PMCID: PMC12701530.
38. Does case complexity impact EPA entrustment? Analysis across PGY levels and phases of care
Published in Journal of Surgical Education by Martin Paul Jones, Julia Adriana Kasmirski, M.D., Zhixing Song, M.D., M. Chandler McLeod, M.S., Ph.D., Andrea Gillis, M.D., MSPH, Jessica Fazendin, M.D., Britney Corey, M.D., and Brenessa Lindeman, M.D., MEHP. J Surg Educ. 2026 Mar;83(3):103857. doi: 10.1016 j.jsurg.2025.103857. Epub 2026 Jan 21. PMID: 41570700.
Published in Journal of Pediatric Surgery by Chandler A. Annesi, M.D., Drew Payne, BSN, RN, Elizabeth A. Beierle, M.D., Mike K. Chen, M.D., MBA, and Robert T. Russell, M.D. J Pediatr Surg. 2026 Mar 14:163077. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2026.163077. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 41839292.
Published in Science Translational Medicine by Rebecca Asiimwe, M.S., Brittney Knott, Morgan E. Greene, Emma D. Wright, M.S., Markayla Bell, Daniel Epstein, M.S., Stefani D. Yates, Michael V. Gonzalez, Ph.D., M.Sc., Samantha Fry, MPH, Emily Boydston Procopio, Stephanie Clevenger, RN, Jayme E. Locke, M.D., Brian E. Brocato, D.O., Constantine M. Burgan, M.D., Richard Burney, M.D., Nitin Arora, M.D., MPH, Virginia Duncan, M.D., Holly E. Richter, M.D., Ph.D., Deidre Downs Gunn, M.D., Aharon G. Freud, M.D., Ph.D., Shawn C. Little, Ph.D., Paige M. Porrett, M.D., Ph.D. Sci Transl Med. 2026 Mar 11;18(840): eadp2196. doi: 10.1126 scitranslmed.adp2196. Epub 2026 Mar 11. PMID: 41811989; PMCID: PMC13095030.